Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer is a disease that develops in the testicles, which are part of the male reproductive system. Here's a breakdown of important information:

Key Points:

 * Relatively Rare, Highly Curable:

   * While not the most common cancer, testicular cancer is one of the most curable, especially when detected early.

 * Most Common in Young Men:

   * It most frequently affects men between the ages of 15 and 35.

 * Germ Cell Tumors:

   * The vast majority of testicular cancers begin in the germ cells, which are the cells that produce sperm.

   * These tumors are broadly classified as seminomas or non-seminomas.

Symptoms:

 * A lump or swelling in a testicle (the most common symptom).

 * A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum.

 * A dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin.

 * Sudden fluid collection in the scrotum.

 * Pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum.

 * Enlargement or tenderness of the breasts.

Risk Factors:

 * Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism): This is a significant risk factor.

 * Family history: Having a family history of testicular cancer increases the risk.

 * Age: It is most common in young to middle aged men.

 * Race: Caucasian men are at a higher risk.

Diagnosis:

 * Physical examination.

 * Ultrasound.

 * Blood tests (tumor markers).

 * Biopsy (after surgical removal of the testicle).

Treatment:

 * Surgery (orchiectomy) to remove the affected testicle.

 * Radiation therapy.

 * Chemotherapy.

Importance of Self-Examination:

 * Regular testicular self-examination is crucial for early detection.

It's very important that if a man experiences any of the symptoms listed above, that they seek medical attention immediately.